Research on the Double-Edged Sword Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Enterprise Human Resource Management
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Human Resource Management, Double‐edged Sword Effects, Algorithmic Management, Ethical AI; Human-AI CollaborationAbstract
Artificial intelligence has been increasingly embedded into the full‐cycle practices of enterprise human resource management (HRM), forming a typical technological empowerment scenario with coexisting opportunities and predicaments. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model, Sociotechnical Systems Theory, and Organizational Justice Theory, this paper constructs an integrated theoretical framework to systematically dissect the double‐edged sword effects of AI application in HRM. The positive dimensions are refined into four core paths: efficiency improvement in recruitment and selection, objectivity enhancement in performance management, personalized empowerment of employee development, and data‐driven upgrading of strategic decision‐making. The negative dimensions are summarized as four prominent risks: algorithmic bias and discriminatory infringement, employee privacy leakage and supervision anxiety, dehumanization of employment relations, and multi‐level organizational resistance. Furthermore, this study explores the differential impact mechanisms of AI outcomes from four dimensions: AI system design, implementation procedures, organizational contextual factors, and individual employee differences. On this basis, targeted coping strategies are proposed from ethical design, transparent governance, employee participation, and human‐AI hybrid collaboration, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical paths for enterprises to maximize the positive effects of AI and control potential risks in HRM practices.
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